England, UK

University College London (UCL)

London, England

Units: Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA)，Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering (CEGE) and Department of Geography

UCL is a member institution of the federal University of London. There are three major units at UCL that operate GIS-related research, each with its own distinctive characteristics, covering all aspects of GIS theory and application. CASA focuses on urban studies, complex systems, visualization, and multi-intelligent systems, with several degree programs including the MSc in Urban Spatial Science (replaces the previous MSc programmes, Smart Cities and Urban Analytics and Spatial Data Science and Visualisation in 2022), MRes in Urban Spatial Science (replaces MRes in Spatial Data Science and Visualisation in 2022) and MSc in Connected Environments (first intake in 2021). CEGE focuses on spatio-temporal data mining, geo-artificial intelligence, 3D GIS, navigation, BIM, with MSc in Geospatial Sciences (GIS and Computing), MSc in Spatio-Temporal Analytics and Big data mining, etc. The Department of Geography focuses on demographics, consumer data analysis/spatial analysis, and remote sensing, and the GIS Master’s program includes MSc in Social and Geographic Data Science, etc.

Professors:

Paul Longley: geographic information science, geo-temporal demographic classifications, micro-demographics of residential and social mobility;
Tao Cheng: geocomputation, space-time analytics, big data mining, network complexity;
James Haworth: spatio-temporal modeling and analytics, transportation;
Adam Dennett: migration modeling, crowd-sourcing GIS, residential mobilities, urban health, beer and brewing geographies;
Elsa Arcaute: complexity science, urban systems;
Sarah Wise: agent-based model, social media, disaster prevention;
Jens Kandt: urban geography, social and spatial health disparities;
Neave O'Clery: data and network modeling of economic development and urban systems;
Max Nathan: economics of cultural diversity, innovation systems and clusters, public policy for cities (especially policy design and evaluation);
Huanfa Chen: spatial optimisation, spatial data science, transportation behaviour modeling;
Jonathan Reades: Smart cities and 'big data', location and infrastructure networks , new data, open data and 'old' methods, housing and socio-economic trends;
Chen Zhong: urban mobility, spatial analysis, transportaion and land use.

City University of London

London, England

Unit: Department of Computer Science

The CUL is a member institution of the federal University of London. Under the Department of Computer Science, there is a giCentre where MPhil and PhD programs related to GIS are offered. Focuses of GIS courses include the visual analytics, cartography, computer graphics, human-computer interaction, and spatial data science.

University of Leeds

Leeds, West Yorkshire, England

Unit: School of Geography

The School of Geography at Lees has many celebrated alumni in GIS, such as Stan Openshaw and Alan Wilson. This university is also the birthplace of geocomputation and spatial interaction model. The CSAP (Centre for spatial analysis and Policy) focuses on the application of spatial analysis in regional population, retail, crime, education, and healthcare; and the LIDA (Leeds Institute for Data analytics) focuses on interdisciplinary programs, AI, and spatiotemporal data mining. This department operates 3-year or 4-year full time PhD degree programs in GIS, and 2-year research-based masters programs. It also operates 1-year class-based masters program, whose core classes are data visualization, geodemographics, retail modeling, environment and remote sensing etc.

Professors:

Andy Newing: retail analytics, retail location planning, spatial analysis, service analysis, geodemographics, accessibility;
Ed Manley: urban data science, agent-based modeling, spatial cognition, travel and mobility, data visualization;
Graham Clarke: geodemographics, public health, retail, urban simulation, accessibility;
Lex Comber: spatial analysis, geocomputation, land cover / land use, spatial data quality, spatial planning, uncertainty, evidence combination, search heuristics, location-allocation;
Mark Birkin: spatial analysis and policy, demography, social simulation, retail, public health, microsimulation, agent-based modeling;
Nick Malleson: agent-based modeling, crime modeling, city simulation;
Nik Lomax: demography, population projection, microsimulation, internal migration, international migration, consumer demand modeling;
Steve Carver: wilderness, wildland, rewilding, landscape evaluation, GIS, spatial analysis, environmental modeling, participatory GIS;
Jiaqi Ge: agent-based modeling, urban analytics, complex urban systems, economics, regional labor market;
Vikki Houlden: urban science, spatial inequality, greenspace, health, mental wellbeing, places left behind, GIS.

University of Southampton

Southampton, Hampshire, England

Unit: Geography and Environment

The School of Geography and Environment at the University of Southampton has a long history and is one of the top centers of geographic and environmental science research in the UK. The postgraduate programme offers a specialism in Applied Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing and is one of the few university institutions in the UK where postgraduate programmes focus on the application of remote sensing and its integration with environmental studies. Research in the School of Geography and Environmental Sciences is grounded in addressing some of today’s major global challenges, including climate change, social and health inequalities, sustainable development; conservation of biodiversity; and poverty and decline. Research is divided into the following research groups: Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD); Centre for Environmental Science; Economics, Society and Governance; GeoData (for applied environmental research); Global Environmental Change and Earth Observation (GECEO); Paleoenvironmental Laboratory at the University of Southampton (PLUS); and Population, Health and Wellbeing (PHeW).

Most graduate programs in the UK are primarily taught programs, with Southampton’s Applied GIS and RS program running for one year and three semesters, with the third semester devoted to completing a thesis. The programme offers a wide range of optional modules, from python development, remote sensing, health and wellness to environmental applications. Each year, different electives are improved and added to meet the research interests of the graduate students. Applications will generally be based on a GPA of around 80 GPA and will require a background in geography, physics, geoinformatics, environmental science, ecology, biology, geology and social sciences. If you have relevant work experience, the school will lower the GPA requirement. The PhD is a 3-4 year program, with two or three supervisors who are responsible for the research work of the PhD students and have their own office space in building 44. The university also operates PhD programs in AI。

Professors：

Patrick Osborne: urban remote sensing, machine learning in remote sensing, urban stressor etc;
Tony Brown: floodplain geomorphology and palaeohydrology, alluvial geoarchaeology, mediterranean and semi-arid alluviation and environmental history, human-environment relationships and theory, forensic palynology;
Nick Clarke: urban geography, cultural geography, political geography, qualitative methods. Specific topics: migration, tourism, consumption, ethics, social movements, urban policy, urban politics, local government, localism, political participation;
Samantha Cockings: automated zone design, spatio-temporal representations of population, geographies of health & health care, socio-economic applications of GIS;
Gareth Roberts: monitoring land surface dynamics, fire in the natural environment;
Steve Darby: fluvial geomorphology, process sedimentology;
John Dearing: global environmental change, ecosystem services, social-ecological system dynamics, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, human-environment interactions, poverty alleviation;
Mary Edwards: environmental change over decades to millennia;
Jane Hart: glaciers and climate change, environment sensor networks, quaternary glacial sedimentology;
Brian J. Hracs: economic geography, creative economy, urban geography qualitative methods;
Paul Hughes: holocene peatland development, recent degradation of fen and lowland bogs in Britain and Northwest Europe;
Pete Langdon: climate change, past & future, environmental change, palaeolimnology, eutrophication, chironomids, lakes, palaeoecology & geochronology;
Julian Leyland: landscape evolution modeling, fluvial geomorphology, terrestrial laser scanning;
Dave Martin: population geography, geographical information science, geography of health, quantitative secondary data analysis;
Jo Nield: modeling of aeolian landscapes and processes, terrestrial laser scanning applications in aeolian process dominated environments;
Booker Ogutu: remote sensing of terrestrial ecosystems, land cover and land use change, impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems;
Suzanne Reimer: economic geography, feminist geography, cultural economy.

University of Manchester

Manchester, Lancashire, England 

Unit: SEED 

The Department of Geography at the University of Manchester is one of the top 10 geography departments in the UK (QS World University Rankings 2021) and the GIS programme at Masters level is taught on a one-year basis without a research project requirement. It focuses on theoretical knowledge and software skills in GIS and remote sensing, spatial data analysis in a variety of specialist areas, and a wide range of applications in GIS projects. Courses

The school of social sciences also operates two degree programs:

Professors: 

Sarah Lindley: urban green space; urban environmental characteristics in tropical cities; climate change and biodiversity;
Angela Harris: Remote Sensing; Ecology; Peatlands; Vegetation; 
Jonny Huck: mathematical geography; cartography; geography (General); GIS with healthcare and resource allocation; Global South; post-conflict societies;
Anna Hughes: glaciers, ice sheets; GIS, remote sensing; glacial geomorphology; palaeoglaciology; glaciology; 
Gareth Clay: Organic soils ; prescribed fire & wildfires in UK peatlands; charcoal production and degradation; perceptions of fire; Organic matter cycling through soils; Landscape restoration of ecosystems on St Helena, south Atlantic; Urban green infrastructure; Urban carbon cycling ;
Claire Goulsbra: Hydrological Connectivity; Upland Hydrology; Fluvial Geomorphology; Digital Terrain Analysis; Environmental Monitoring; Peatland Carbon Flux; 
Polyanna Da Conceicao Bispo: urban green space; urban environmental characteristics in tropical cities; climate change and biodiversity;
Jaco Renken: The role of key individuals, champions and leaders in socio-economic development; The interaction between ICTs and society, particularly in developing country contexts; Big and open data and its implications for socio-economic development; Metric-based research approaches and the use of ICTs in Development Informatics research.

Newcastle University

Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England

Unit: Geomatics, Department of Geography, Architecture, Planning and Landscape

The surveying department at Newcastle University has a long history of excellence in geodesy, remote sensing, and spatial analysis, and is ranked second in the UK by Stan Openshaw and David Parker. The Department of Geomatics has a 1-year master’s degree and a 3-year PhD (Centre for Doctor Training, fully funded and open to international students), and a 3-year PhD. The GIS program includes courses in geospatial data analysis, remote sensing, geovisualization, smart cities, and more.

Professors:

Jon Mills: 3D Modelling, LiDAR, Geospatial Analytics, Geovisualization;
Jeremy Crampton: Geolocation Technologies, Urban GIS, Spatial Big Data and Decision-Making, Geosurveillance and privacy;
Phil James: Smart Cities, Urban Data Analytics, Geospatial Database Systems, Geovisualization;
Jin Xing: CyberGIS, Smart Cities, Remote Sensing, GeoAI, Autonomous Vehicles.
Wen Xiao: Transport Systems and Vehicles, Infrastructure and Urban Systems, Built Environment and Environmental Informatics, Hazard Monitoring and Impact Analysis.

The Department of Geography at the University of Newcastle was established in 1927 and has a reputation for both physical and human geography. The Department operates several GIS degree programs: a 1-year master’s degree + 3-year PhD, and a 3-year PhD. The GIS program includes courses in Human GIS, Urban GIS, and Political GIS.

Rachel Franklin: Social GIS, Demography, Geographical Analysis;
Wen Lin: Urban GIS, Digital Humanity, Political GIS.

The Department of Architecture, Planning and Landscape at the University of Newcastle was formerly known as the British Northern Building Society and was founded in 1858. Internationally renowned experts take a hybrid social science, humanities, creative practice and engineering approach to gain the latest insights. There are GIS related projects such as spatial planning.

Dr Cat Button:Urban Planning, global urbanisms, development geography.
Jeremy Crampton: Urban Data Analysis, spatial Big Data, algorithmic decision-making.

The University of Sheffield

Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England

Unit: Department of Geography

The MSc in Applied GIS program at the University of Sheffield is a joint program between the Department of Urban Studies and Planning and the Department of Geography, and is a full-time, one-year taught MSc. Students will acquire the technical skills, practical experience and theoretical knowledge required to work in the fields of GIS, applied policy research, and spatial data analysis of global issues, with in-depth study of advanced spatial analysis, geovisualisation, GIS policy applications in practice, thematic mapping and chart creation.

Professors:

Rowland Atkinson: urban and housing studies, sociology, geography and criminology;
Chris Clark: glacial geomorphology and glaciology, and on GIS;
Simon Marvin: systemic transitions, climate change, ecological security and smart cities;
Andrew McGonigle: volcano remote sensing, volcano atmosphere interactions, other environmental sensing;
Stephen Livingstone: surface meltwater.

King’s College London

London, England

Unit: Department of Geography and Centre for Urban Science and Progress in London

Research on GIS at King’s College London is hosted in the Department of Geography and in the Centre for Urban Science and Progress in London (CUSP-London) (a joint venture with Warwick), respectively. The former focuses on the application of traditional geography, while the latter emphasizes the impact of urban data. The university has 2 programs in GIS: 1-year taught master’s degree in either the Department of Geography or CUSP-London. In addition, there are traditional academic programs in the Department of Geography: a 2-year MPhil for undergraduate applicants and a 3-year PhD for master’s applicants.

Masters program: Urban Informatics MSc

Professors:

James Millington: Wildfire-Environment-Society interactions, Agent-based modelling of geographical systems, Spatial modelling of ecological succession-disturbance dynamics;
Zahratu Shabrina: the possible disruptions from the rapid adaptation of digital platforms in cities using various Spatial analysis methods and predictive modelling;
Terence Dawson: Complex systems and Earth systems science, Biogeography, evaluating environmental change and anthropogenic impacts on landscapes, biodiversity, natural resources, food security and ecosystem services, development of Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS) and modelling tools for studying and understanding biodiversity, sustainability development and the interaction between climate change and social-ecological systems;
Mark Mulligan: development and application of spatial policy support systems, agriculture, land use change and climate change impacts on water and ecosystems, ecosystem services mapping and modelling, tropical forests and tropical montane cloud forests, Environmental modelling, environmental Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and environmental monitoring with open source hardware;
Rita Borgo: Data Science, Data Visualisation, Visual Analytics, Human Factors in Visualisation, Urban Informatics, High Performance Computing;
Daniele Quercia: Urbanism, Computational Social Science, HCI, Data Mining;
Yijing Li: spatial analysis in urban crime, counter terrorism strategies based on empirical studies, climate change influences on crimes, and risk management strategies upon social media data analysis;
Andrea Ballatore: GIS, spatial analysis, digital humanities, ontology, VGI, social media.

University of Birmingham

Birmingham, West Midlands, England

Unit: Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Geography research at the University of Birmingham focuses on human geography, river environment and management, and atmospheric pollution. GIS will be covered in the Master’s program, but there are no specific GIS degrees. The department’s programs are as follows: 1-year taught master’s or 2-year research master’s for undergraduate applicants, and 3-year PhD for master’s applicants.

Professors:

Emma Ferranti: the impact of weather on infrastructure, green infrastructure, Air Quality, and GIS;
Zhaoya Gong: leveraging computational and Data Sciences to advance GIS, dynamic processes of urbanisation and complex modalities of Spatial Structures generated at various scales.

Lancaster University

Lancaster, Lancashire, England

Unit: School of Geography

Lancaster University has a long history of geographic research, with eight research clusters. Research in GIS at the university focuses on Geospatial Data Science, where Dr. Peter Atkinson teaches. The department’s programs are as follows: 1-year taught master’s or 2-year research master’s for undergraduate applicants, and 3-year PhD for master’s applicants.

Professors:

Peter Atkinson: Spatial and space-time sampling effects, Disease transmission systems, especially vector-borne systems, global vegetation and land cover changes, natural hazard impacts and risks;
Alan Blackburn: Remote sensing of plant responses to environmental stress, modelling the relationships between spatial properties and ecosystem processes, applying geospatial technologies across different environmental systems;
Amber Leeson: ice-climate interactions, Remote Sensing data, GIS and Data Science techniques;
Duncan Whyatt: GIS, coastal management, urban development, landscape ecology, renewable energy and mapping trends in social media.

University of Liverpool

Liverpool, Merseyside, England

Unit: Department of Geography and Planning

The Department of Geography and Planning at the University of Liverpool has four research areas: 1) Environmental Change, 2) Geographic Data Science, 3) Power, Spatial and Cultural Change, and 4) Planning, Environmental Assessment and Management. The Department’s research in GIS is primarily in Geographic Data Science, and the MSc programme has a dedicated 1-year taught programme in Geographic Data Science. The department’s programs are as follows: 1-year taught master’s or 2-year research master’s for undergraduate applicants, and 3-year PhD for master’s applicants.

Liverpool Geodata Science MSc（https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/taught/geographic-data-science-msc/overview/）

Professors:

Dani Arribas-Bel: cities, Spatial Analysis, statistics, open source computing, new forms of data;
Les Dolega: retail, resilience, regional studies, GIS, urban systems;
Mark Green: health-related behaviours, classifications, Spatial statistics;
Jeremiah Nieves: urban systems and populations, population dynamics, settlement connectivity & transportation, remote sensing, machine learning;
Caitlin Robinson: Spatial inequality, Energy poverty, Infrastructure, Spatial Analysis, Mapping;
Francisco Rowe: Human Mobility, Migration, Economic Geography, Spatial Inequality, Computational Social Sciences;
Alex Singleton: Geodemographics, urban systems, Data Science, mobilities / transport.

University of Nottingham

Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England

Unit: School of Geography

The School of Geography at the University of Nottingham covers a wide range of areas and offers lectures in a variety of fields. GIS will be covered in the MSc program, but there are no specific programs. The Department’s programs are as follows: 1 year taught MSc or 2 year research MSc for undergraduate applicants and 3 year PhD for MSc applicants.

Professors:

Matthew Smallman-Raynor: spatial dynamics of infectious diseases, historical geography of war epidemics, geography of HIV infection and disease Island epidemics;
Doreen Boyd: Remote Sensing, land system, tropical rainforests, temperate peatlands, boreal forests and mountains;
Giles Foody: VGI, land cover changes on the carbon cycle and patterns of biodiversity, machine learning methods for image analysis;
Nick Mount: trans-disciplinary approaches to the understanding, analysis and management of hydrological and river systems;
Steve Dugdale: geospatial and modelling approaches, river habitats and ecosystems, river temperature dynamics, and climate change;
Franziska Schrodt: plant functional traits, macroecology, species distribution modeling, ecosystem functioning, global change, Remote Sensing of Vegetation, Machine Learning, Bayesian Statistics.

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

London, England

Unit: Department of Geography and Environment

The London School of Economics and Political Science offers the MSc Geographic Data Science degree program. This program is a one-year taught degree that focuses on developing skills in spatial analysis for students with backgrounds in, for example, economics and business. Its main courses are offered by the Department of Geography and Environment, while some courses (such as statistics, data science and programming) are offered by the Department of Statistics.

University of Bristol

Bristol, Bristol County, United Kingdom

Unit: Department of Geography

The Department of Geography at the University of Bristol offers both MSc and PhD degree programs in Quantitative Spatial Science, Computational Geography, and Human Geography. The MSc is a one-year taught program, while the PhD is a research-based program that generally takes three to five years.

Professors:

Jonathan Bamber: geodesy, remote sensing, sea level;
Richard Harris: spatial analysis, geo-data science, quantitative social geography, statistics;
Winnie Wang: migration, mobility, population, urban geography, health geography, quantitative methods;
David Manley: human geography, geographical statistics;
Susan Parnell: urban, sustainability, human geography;
Jonathan Rigg: migration, mobility, urban-rural development;
Levi Wolf: quantitative human geography;
Sean Fox: urban remote sensing, urban data science;
Emmanouil Tranos: quantitative human geography;
Zhang Ce: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (Deep Learning), Geospatial Data Mining and Modelling (Geospatial Data Science), Landscape Pattern Analysis (Vector-based and Raster-based GIS), Remotely Sensed Image Analysis and their Applications.

University of Warwick

Coventry, West Midlands, England

Unit: CIM

The University of Warwick is a member of the Russell Group and has a campus on the outskirts of Coventry, near Warwickshire. The CIM center at Warwick offers MSc in Urban Analytics and Visualisation, a one-year taught MSc programme that focuses on the relationship between urban life and electronic technology, analysis and visualisation of urban spatial information, big data in cities and interdisciplinary approaches to urban science.

Professors:

Greg McInerny: urban, visualization, visual analytics;
Cagatay Turkay: visualization, spatiotemporal data, human-computer interaction;
Naomi Waltham-Smith: urban, media and cultural theory, sound studies;
Noortje Marres: digital social science, issue mapping;
Tessio Novack: GIScience, VGI, critical GIS, urban geography.

University of Portsmouth

Hampshire, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England

Unit: Department of Geography and Environmental Science

The University of Portsmouth’s Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences offers a 1-year Master of Science degree program in Geographic Information (MSc GIS) with a focus on practical GIS skills, where students will work on projects to analyze spatial data and build their own data analytical methods, algorithms and software tools. Core courses include GIS principles, applied GIS, database management system, and the student’s own research project. Elective courses include geological hazard and sustainable blue economy.

University of East Anglia

Norwich, Norfolk, England

Unit: School of Environmental Sciences

The School of Environmental Sciences at University of East Anglia offers MS and PhD programs in various aspects of environmental sciences, including the application of GIS. It is also associated with the Geoscience Group of the university where interdisciplinary projects among geology, oceanography, atmospheric science, sustainability, and climate are conducted. The research on geo-hazards is a flagship.

Wales, UK

Aberystwyth University

Aberystwyth, Duffield, Wales

Unit: Department of Geography and Earth Sciences

The Aberystwyth University is a university in Duffield, Wales, and is the oldest university in Wales. Aberystwyth University offers a one-year MSc in Remote Sensing and GIS and a three-year PhD in Geography. Both the MSc and PhD require the completion of a project and submission of a thesis.

Professors:

Pete Bunting: GIS, spatial data, land cover, 3D point clouds;
Andy Hardy: GIS, mapping, spatial intelligence;
Tom Holt: remote sensing, glaciers;
Jesse Heley: rural development, economic geography, spatial planning.

Scotland, UK

University of Glasgow

Glasgow, Scotland

Unit: School of Geography and Earth Sciences，Department of Urban Studies，Urban Big Data Center

The University of Glasgow has strong research strengths and academic traditions in geology, geography, mapping, environmental sciences, social sciences, public health and other disciplines related to urban studies and big data. The urban studies department operates master’s programs in city planning, housing studies, real estate, public and urban policy, urban transport, urban analytics and a Ph. The Department of Urban Studies has a master’s degree in urban planning, housing studies, real estate, public and urban policy, urban transport, urban analytics, and a doctoral program in urban studies. The School of Geography and Earth Sciences has master’s programs in geospatial & mapping sciences, geomatics and management, geoinformation technology and cartography.

Professors:

Nick Bailey: housing and neighborhood, administrative big data; 、
David McArthur: transportation, econometrics;
Jinhyun Hong: transportation planning, active travel;
Qunshan Zhao: GIScience, remote sensing, spatial analysis, location modeling and analysis, urban analytics, urban data science;
Jing Yao: Geographical Information Science, Spatial Statistics, Spatial Optimization, Location Modeling, Health Geography, Regional Science, Urban and Regional Planning and development;
Brian Barrett: remote sensing, terrestrial environment;
Ana Basiri: geospatial data science, navigation, GPS;
João Porto de Albuquerque: digital geographies and GIS, intersecting urban data science, information management, development studies;
Ziqi Li: GIScience, spatial statistics, urban analytics, interpretable machine learning, GeoAI, geospatial data science;
Mingshu Wang: urban informatics, urban science, GIScience, geodata science, city and regional development;
Alison Heppenstall: geocomputation, machine learning, geospatial AI, agent-based modeling, smart cities.

The University of Edinburgh

Edinburgh, Scotland

Unit: School of Geoscience

The School of Geosciences at the University of Edinburgh was established in 2002 with an emphasis on development.

The School of Geosciences contains a number of GIS-related programs and offers two Masters programs, Msc by Research (i.e. Master of Science by Research), Msc by Taught (i.e. Master of Science by Taught) and a related PhD program.

Msc by Research: The main research, which requires a research plan of no more than two pages to be submitted at the time of application.

Msc by Taught：

There are many affiliated programs including several masters and online masters programs. They can be found here: School of Geosciences: Taught Masters Programmes

There is no strict requirement for the major of undergraduate degree in the MSc of GIS program. Required courses for this MSc of GIS include research practice and project planning, dissertation in GIS, spatial modeling and analysis, and technological infrastructures for GIS. Other optional courses can be found here。

Professors:

Neil Stuart: hydrology;
Bruce Gittings: web-based geo-information;
William Mackaness: UGC, VGI;
Zhiqiang Feng: health geography, population geography, spatial analysis.

University of Aberdeen

Aberdeen, Scotland

Unit: Department of Geography and Environment

The University of Aberdeen offers the MSc Geographical Information Systems degree program, which is a one-year or two-year class-based master’s degree. Core courses include geographic modeling, remote sensing image processing, GIS programming, mobile GIS, web GIS, field data collection, spatial databases, GPS, and cartography. The rest of the program is more flexible, allowing for elective courses to be arranged according to the student’s background, interests and career plans.